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Questions & Answers to the Razor Harness, Side Mount
Diving, Cave Diving and Training
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You have an innovative approach to teaching Side Mount and have 4 distinct levels of training. Can you tell us about each of the levels? Why did you choose this approach? What should a student expect to learn at each level?
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The 4 main levels are:
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Intro to Side Mount |
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Level 1 Basic Side Mount Diver |
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Level 2 Advanced Side Mount Diver |
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Level 3 Exploration / No Mount Diver |
The Intro course is a 2 day program and Levels 1, 2 & 3 are all 4 days in duration.
Traditionally the Side Mount Cave speciality course has always been a 2 or 3 day program but I found that I just cannot do it justice in that short a time frame.
I have many years and thousands of dives in Side Mount/No Mount configuration and it is just not possible for me to fit all that knowledge and experience into a single 2 day course.
In addition most divers are not really ready to be in true Side Mount cave after just a day or 2 in a brand new equipment configuration.
In my opinion that is unsafe for both the diver and the cave.
Nearly all of my students come to me via word of mouth recommendation.
The reason divers come to me specifically to take a Side Mount Course is because of my experience and expertise in this particular area.
I really want my students to be able to benefit from my experience and knowledge in the best way possible so that they get the very best training I can offer that is challenging, detailed and complete but at the same time enjoyable.
To achieve this over the last few years I have completely changed the way in which I teach Side Mount.
It is not just the course structure that is new but pretty much my whole philosophy of Side Mount diving, the skills sets and procedures, and the way in which I teach the courses.
When you completely change your equipment configuration from Back Mount to Side Mount a lot of other things are going to change as well and a whole new skill set is going to have to be learned and practiced.
Being a good Side Mount diver requires a great deal more thought and attention than just hanging 2 tanks off of the side of your body.
Before more advanced Side Mount skills can be learned basic ones have to be mastered and before we enter a more challenging environment we need to make sure our skills and comfort level is matched to it.
The course levels are all natural stopping points and divers can choose to remain at each level either permanently, as they have no desire to go further, or temporarily to get more experience before moving up to the next level.
Put very simply the Intro to Side Mount Course is a short open water only introduction to diving in Side Mount configuration for someone who has never tried it before.
This is not a certification level and represents the first 2 days of the Basic Side Mount Course.
The Level 1 Basic Side Mount Course teaches you the skills and procedures necessary to cave dive in Side Mount configuration but still in larger cave until further training and experience is gained.
Any new equipment configuration takes some time to master and this should be done in a low stress safe environment so the intent here is not to dive in very small cave.
The Level 2 Advanced Side Mount Course builds on the skills and procedures learnt in the Level 1 course as well as adding additional skills with the intent to train divers to be comfortable and safe diving in true SM cave which increases the environmental hazards and psychological stress levels considerably.
The Level 3 Exploration Side Mount/No Mount Course gives you the tools to be able to explore effectively and safely in the most extreme environments one will encounter in cave diving.
Some people want to dive Side Mount but have no desire to go in small cave so the level 1 course is the perfect choice and a natural stopping point for them.
For those wishing to actually dive smaller cave then first they have to master
the basic skills and procedures of diving Side Mount in large cave in Level 1
before entering the far more challenging environment of true Side Mount cave
that is introduced at Level 2.
Levels 1 and 2 can be taken concurrently or with a break in between.
On completion of Level 2 at this point it is time to go diving and build up some experience in Side Mount configuration in all types of cave including the small stuff before moving on to the Level 3 course which is very intensive and demands an extremely high comfort level in very challenging cave while dealing with potentially very stressful situations.
A minimum of 50 dives in Side Mount are required before taking the Level 3 Course 25 of which have to be in true Side Mount cave.
There are also a number of complimentary speciality courses that can be taken in Side Mount configuration after either Level 1 or Level 2; Stage/Multi Stage, DPV and Survey.
These course all introduce different aspects of cave diving and give a diver the knowledge and skills to plan more complex and demanding cave dives while learning more about the cave environment.
Additionally they are all tools that anyone wishing to explore at some point will need as well.
Hence all 3 of these speciality courses are also prerequisites for the Level 3 course.
The Level 3 course is really aimed at divers wishing to do the most challenging and demanding cave diving possible with a view to exploration.
This course puts in to practice all the skills learnt and experience gained to this point as well as introducing No Mount techniques and exploration methodology.
To a large extent the courses have evolved around the Razor Harness and are designed to compliment it and to get the most from it.
The Razor Harness is at the heart of my “Bogarthian” Side Mount Philosophy.
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| 2. |
You have a new Side Mount harness on the market called the Razor, what can you tell us about its development?
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Well as they say “necessity is the mother of invention”.
I originally designed the Razor Harness for use on Side-mount / No-mount exploration dives in very restricted cave where every piece of extra equipment tries to kill you.
The problem was that in many cases to get to the part of the caves where I was exploring required long penetrations using DPV’s and multiple stages thus increasing my equipment load considerably. But when I got to the area I wanted to explore I needed to be as small and streamlined as possible. I wanted some way to integrate these disparate requirements in one system.
Over the years I have dived just about every Side Mount rig on the market as well as various homemade versions.
All of them worked to a degree but none were ideal.
Like most Side Mount divers I spent a lot of time making modifications to improve the various rigs but was always constrained to a certain extent by the original design and never had a Side Mount harness that I was 100% happy with.
As my exploration dives became more and more challenging, particularly over the last few years, I started to run into the limits of both the equipment and the equipment configuration I was using.
Trying to squeeze myself into ever smaller places was pretty rough on all my gear. I was getting hung up and stuck quite often and in fact in the year of exploration leading up to the connection between Sistema Sac Actun and Sistema Nohoch Nah Chich I managed to destroy 3 different Side Mount rigs. I was running out of equipment to dive in.
I ended up making a simple No Mount harness to go under my Side Mount harness so that when the cave really started to get small I could ditch the comparatively bulky Side Mount rig and carry on No Mount.
The problem was managing all this equipment a long way back in very small cave usually in zero visibility while trying to run a line or survey.
I was spending too much time dressing and undressing while underwater a long way back in the cave and not enough exploring.
Also trying to make sure that I had all the stuff I needed on the right harness at any given moment was a problem and at various times I forgot line arrows or survey slates for example because they were attached to the Side Mount rig I had left behind me in the cave and not my No Mount harness.
Additionally having passed through a section of No Mount cave sometimes it would open back up again and then having a Side Mount harness again would have been an advantage so that I could swim more efficiently.
As well during this period I started exploring from a tiny Cenote called Por One which lay between the Sac and Nohoch systems.
Por One has a nasty no mount entrance where you have to descend down a very tight chimney in the shape of an S.
There was absolutely no way to enter wearing my existing Side Mount harness, even with both tanks off, so I would begin my dives just in a simple No Mount harness.
Once through the entrance the cave continued in No Mount sized passage for quite a distance and often I had to crawl, wriggle and dig my way through to make progress.
Eventually the cave opened up a bit and then being able to switch from a No Mount to a Side Mount configuration would have been more efficient but there was no way to get my existing relatively bulky Side Mount rig through the entrance and beginning section of the cave.
Or any extra tanks for that matter.
As the dives in Por One got longer I needed to take a stage but could not get the stage and my two No Mount tanks through the entrance easily.
However some distance into the cave from the Por One entrance I found another opening I called the Crack Cenote which was even smaller than Por One.
I located this opening overland and cut a trail to it. The Crack Cenote was too small to enter or exit but was just big enough to drop a stage tank down into the cave on a line which I would do before the start of each dive. I would then pick the stage up as I passed during the dive dropping off the tank I had used to that point. Trying to handle two No Mount tanks and a stage tank was just not possible without a complete harness so I would have to leave the tank I had used to that point even though it still had plenty of available gas and continue with the other two tanks.
On the return I would leave the tank with the smallest volume clipped to the line and go and pull it back up after getting out at Por One.
I needed a simpler more flexible system that fitted my current, more demanding needs.
I decided to start from scratch and design a completely new harness for myself.
The harness needed to be flexible and meet several different needs.
It had to function as both a No Mount harness and a Side Mount harness and I needed to be able to switch quickly and easily between configurations while underwater.
The harness also had to work with multiple stages and with DPV’s and to accommodate a totally separate and removable modular buoyancy system.
Ideally the harness also had to meet the following criteria on my rather extensive wish list as well:
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Small and light so as to be easy to carry on long treks through the jungle. |
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Comfortable to wear and easy to get on and off on the surface. |
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A simple design with no stitching or fancy hardware. |
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Rugged to stand up to the most challenging dives in the most challenging environments where it was going to take a beating. |
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Safe and reliable because my life depended upon its performance. |
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As low profile and streamlined as possible to allow me to fit in the smallest areas possible. |
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Easy to use in very challenging conditions. |
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Easy to adjust. |
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Easy to repair if and when it does get damaged. |
Over many hours of brainstorming, lots of test diving and various “Eureka” moments in the middle of the night the Razor Harness finally evolved into what you see today.
There were several prototypes along the way but the final version that I am currently using meets all of my requirements and is by far the best and most flexible Side Mount / No Mount harness I have ever used and has made my exploration dives far more efficient and productive and safer too.
I finally have a harness I am totally 100% happy with and that level of comfort is directly translated into the difficulty level of the dives I can now undertake that I would have hesitated to do before.
After years of experience diving in Side Mount I really thought I knew what I was doing but the last few years spent experimenting with the Razor Harness have completely redefined my approach to, and philosophy of, Side Mount diving.
It has been like an evolution for me and I feel like I have learned so much and become a much better Side Mount diver along the way and that has been a really enjoyable experience.
I soon realized that if it worked so well for me then the Razor Harness would work just as well for other divers as well.
I started teaching all my Side Mount students in the Razor Harness and noticed a dramatic improvement in their skills, abilities and comfort as well.
Their pace of learning accelerated considerably.
One of the best ways to really understand something is to teach it to someone else.
Teaching other divers to use the Razor Harness really forced me to think deeply about, and refine, all the skills sets and procedures and this has been a really helpful process for me personally as well as a lot of fun.
The current system I teach is the distillation of all that trial and error. That experience refined and streamlined equipment, skill sets and procedures.
Each of the components in the system is designed to fit together seamlessly and work as part of an integrated whole.
The Razor Harness is at the heart of this system and is the foundation of all my “Bogarthian” Side-Mount procedures.
My philosophy is holistic in approach and is designed from the inside out so that as additional layers of equipment are added there is no change in the core equipment, equipment placement, procedures or skill sets.
“Less is More”
The Razor Harness itself is simplicity and elegance personified with only 2 continuous pieces of webbing and 1 closure point.
It is simple, strong, rugged, reliable, low profile and extremely minimalist in design. It fits like a glove and is very comfortable to wear.
The Razor will fit anyone no matter what their physical size or shape and is quick and easy to set up and adjust so that each individual diver gets a custom fit using standardized hardware.
It can be adjusted at several points to ensure the optimal fit for each individual.
All the attachment points such as D rings on the Razor Harness can be adjusted quickly and easily to allow personalized positioning of equipment placement.
Extra attachment points can be added easily if required.
Weight can be added to exactly where you need it on the Razor Harness to optimize trim.
You can easily use any BCD you want with the Razor Harness either wing or jacket style or no BCD at all if using a Drysuit or light tanks and lung volume.
The beauty of not having an integrated BCD is that you can add whatever level of buoyancy is required according to tank size & material, total equipment load, environmental factors, exposure suit type etc.
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| 3. |
Are there any other related developments on the way?
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Yes I am currently working on a modular buoyancy control system specifically to go with the Razor Harness.
When I first started using the Razor Harness I was diving it without any kind of BCD, controlling my buoyancy with just lung volume.
That worked out okay just diving with 2 AL80 Side Mount tanks although at the start of the dive, when the tanks were full, I had to dive at the top of my lung volume and it did not really become comfortable until the tank pressures dropped 500psi and the tanks became a bit lighter.
I really needed a small amount of lift to compensate for the weight of the gas in the tanks at the start of the dive but did not want to add a large and bulky BCD.
In one of my “Eureka” moments I decided to try out a 2l Camelbak hydration bag that I had lying around as a BCD. The 2l volume gave me 4.5lbs of additional lift.
I wrapped the Camelbak horizontally around my lower back over my Razor Harness and held it in place by attaching a bungee cord to one side, running that around my waist and through the front loop of my crotch strap and clipping it off to the other side of the Camelbak with a small snap bolt.
I inflated it orally through the bite on mouthpiece of the drinking tube and dumped air out of it by pinching the mouthpiece between my thumb and forefinger while holding the drinking tube up.
You can also suck the air out of it if you want to really empty it or are in an orientation where dumping will not work.
This is a real advantage when I find myself head down twisted like a pretzel in a restriction!
The concept was so simple and yet it worked fantastically well.
I called it the “BAT Wing” which stands for Buoyancy And Trim Wing.
The BAT Wing is designed to be worn over the Razor Harness.
In my opinion sandwiching the BCD between the harness and the body is not ideal for the following reasons:
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You cannot remove the BCD underwater. |
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The harness restricts the BCD. |
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You need to use a bigger BCD to cope with the reduction of usable volume. |
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The harness may cause air trapping in the BCD making control of buoyancy, trim, gas dumping etc more difficult. |
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Inflating the BCD restricts the harness. |
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When the BCD is inflated it can make the harness uncomfortably tight. |
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If you leave the harness loose enough to allow comfortable BCD inflation the harness will not be as snug and streamlined as it would otherwise. |
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Layering BCD’s for redundancy is more difficult and compounds all of the other issues above. |
The most important reason for me to have my BAT Wing over my harness is the ability to easily and quickly remove/replace it underwater while diving if necessary.
Having the buoyancy so low down on my body was the ideal position to help maintain horizontal trim and the fact that it is so close to my center of gravity helped to optimize control when changing orientation in the water.
The BAT Wing is positioned in the small of my lower back and the super low profile meant that I could enter very small areas of the cave with no problem at all.
If needed it was very simple to remove the BAT Wing underwater as it was worn over the Razor Harness just being held in place by a single small bolt snap.
When I got to No Mount areas I could either take it off altogether and leave it behind or wrap it around my butt mounted tank to get it neutral and make towing the tank easier.
When I get to No Mount areas I have 3 options; leave the BAT in place but suck all the air out of it to minimize the profile, take it off altogether and leave it behind or wrap it around my butt mounted tank to get it neutral and make towing the tank easier.
I quickly upgraded to a 3l version that gave me just enough lift (6.6lbs) to dive with a single AL80 stage in addition to the AL80 Side Mount tanks.
I have recently upgraded again to using the MSR Dromedary Hydration Bags instead of the Camelbak’s as they are better made, more rugged and durable and come in a larger range of sizes 2L, 4L, 6L and 10L.
The beauty of not having an integrated BCD is that you can add whatever level of buoyancy is required according to tank size & material, total equipment load, environmental factors, exposure suit type etc.
I am currently using a 2l for No Mount dives, a 4L for Side Mount single stage dives and a 6L for Side Mount multi stage dives.
In addition it is very easy to layer the bags one on top of another for redundancy.
While this system is very, very good I have a few ideas that I hope will improve it further.
At the moment I am in the process of developing a commercially viable modular BC system along the same principles specifically for the Razor Harness and hope to have something available very soon.
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| 4. |
What do you think the biggest problem in cave diving is today?
What should we do about it?
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The biggest problem I see is the “too far, too deep, too soon” syndrome.
Too many divers are in too much of a rush to move to the next level without gaining sufficient experience first, or to buy the next new toy or to get to the back of the cave or the bottom of the pit.
My advice is to slow down and take your time.
There is no substitute for experience and time spent in the water diving.
When faced with a difficult situation that experience is really going to make all the difference to the outcome.
Also unfortunately I see a lot of impact in the caves here caused by divers who do not have the skills, experience or awareness to be diving safely where they are.
Get properly trained.
Search out an experienced, knowledgeable instructor who is actively doing the type of diving you wish to learn.
Taking training from a good Instructor will distill into a few days’ years of experience and advance your diving accordingly.
However taking a course is just the first step in the learning process.
After the course you need to go out diving and practice what you have been taught and build up your own personal experience bit by bit.
The cave is not going anywhere and will be waiting for you when you are ready to dive it safely and in conservation minded fashion.
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| 5. |
What would you like to see perspective students do to prepare for
your courses?
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Go diving; time spent in the water is invaluable.
You cannot learn to dive from a book or on the internet you need to put the theory into practice and get wet.
Also work on general all round fitness and watermanship abilities.
Work on the essential skills: buoyancy, trim, propulsion techniques and all round awareness.
You cannot add more complex skills until the basics have been mastered.
If you can comfortably hold your position trimmed horizontally at any depth in the water column and can fine tune it with precise fin movements and buoyancy control using lung volume then that will make everything else so much easier…………including my job as your Instructor!
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| 6. |
What do you suggest divers who do not have regular access to caves do to remain prepared for cave diving?
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Go diving.
There is no substitute for time spent in the water.
If you don’t have access to cave diving where you are then go open water diving.
If you can’t dive in the open water due to the weather then dive in a pool.
The most important thing is to get wet and practice the basics.
In fact as the cave environment is both unforgiving and fragile it is not really the best place to be learning and practicing new skills.
New skills should be practiced and perfected in the open water before entering the cave environment to protect both the diver and the cave.
When learning or practicing skills keep it simple, just do one thing at a time.
Make sure you understand exactly what you are trying to achieve and break complex skills down into their component parts.
Mentally visualize what you want to do and all the steps required for completing each skill.
Make sure you have a clearly defined sequence or structure to work through and follow that each time you perform a skill in order to build up and reinforce muscle memory.
Do not try and rush your skill execution “slow is smooth and smooth is fast”.
As you practice your execution will become smoother and more efficient, you will build up muscle memory and the speed will come.
Core skills must be mastered before more advanced skills can be.
When adding more advanced skills they should build on solid core skills in a logical, systematic fashion.
One important point to remember is that practice only makes permanent. Only perfect practice makes perfect!
Make sure that you are practicing the skills correctly otherwise you are reinforcing errors.
This is the main reason for getting instruction from a qualified, experienced Instructor so that you learn the skills correctly in the first place.
Once you have that basic grounding then feedback while you practice independently is very valuable.
One of the best feedback tools is video. Get a buddy to video tape you while you dive then review and critique the video.
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| 7. |
Which drills do you think are the most import to perform for Back Mount and Side Mount divers to practice?
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They are all important.
Every dive should be a learning experience.
Spend a little time after each dive you make and critique it.
Seek to improve all your essential skills (buoyancy, trim, propulsion techniques and awareness) every time you dive.
Practice at least one of the basic self rescue and survival skills that you have been taught during previous courses at some point on every dive.
Identify your weak points and turn them into strengths.
Practice the skills you don’t like most as these are probably your weakest ones hence your dislike of them.
One of the things I am now offering is a Certified Diver Refresher / Review program
This is specifically for divers that are already cave certified but wish to refresh their skills if they have not been cave diving for a while or to review what they are doing even if they are cave diving on a regular basis but may need some outside input from an expert eye.
The program can be tailored to exactly what each diver needs and their current skill and experience level.
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| 8. |
Is there anything else you would like to say?
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The Mind is the key.
Once you have mastered the basics then being a good diver is 100% mental.
The most important thing is to treat every dive you make as a learning experience and take some lessons home from it.
Always seek to improve.
Every time I reach a certain level in my diving I realize that there is still so much more to do.
I am always seeking the perfect dive.
I have never done it and I never will but I keep trying and I enjoy trying to perfect my technique.
Have fun, be safe, keep an open mind, keep learning, keep practicing and I hope to see you underwater some day.
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